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a Crop Development Centre, Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research Centre, P.O. Box 1000A R.R.#3 Brandon, MB, Canada, R7A 5Y3
c Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Cereal Research Centre, 195 Dafoe Rd. Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2M9
d Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6
* Corresponding author (tom.zatorski{at}usask.ca).
ABSTRACT
‘CDC Mindon’ (Reg. No. CV-337, PI 651860; CN107350; Canadian Food Inspection Agency [CFIA] Reg. No. 6224, Canadian PBR Appl. No. 07-5903) is a two-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, with collaboration by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada at the Brandon Research Centre, Brandon, MB, Canada, and the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CDC Mindon was tested in CDC yield trials as SB00106 in 2000–2003 and in the Western Canadian Cooperative Two-Row Barley Registration trial as TR04378 during 2004 and 2005. CDC Mindon was registered for production in western Canada as it has demonstrated good agronomic performance combined with good kernel quality and, of greater significance, enhanced resistance to Fusarium head blight (incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) with lower deoxynivalenol accumulation in combination with tolerance to spot blotch [incited by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. Ex Dastur]. CDC Mindon is also resistant to the barley smuts (incited by Ustilago spp.).
Abbreviations: AAFC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada • CDC, Crop Development Centre • CFIA, Canadian Food Inspection Agency • CRC, Cereal Research Centre • DON, deoxynivalenol • ECORC, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre • FHB, Fusarium Head Blight • RCB, randomized complete block • RIL, recombinant inbred line • SSD, single seed descent
The two-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘CDC Mindon’ (Reg. No. CV-337, PI 651860; CN107350; Canadian Food Inspection Agency [CFIA] Reg. No. 6224, Canadian PBR Appl. No. 07-5903) was developed at the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, with extensive collaboration at the Fusarium head blight (FHB; incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe)/deoxynivalenol (DON) screening stage by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) staff at the Brandon Research Centre, Brandon, MB, Canada, and the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Ottawa, ON, Canada. It was registered on 23 Feb. 2007 by the Variety Registration Office of the CFIA, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CDC Mindon was registered for production in western Canada because of its good overall agronomic performance, including yield potential, plant height, maturity, and lodging resistance. It has good physical kernel quality, including test and kernel weight and grain plumpness. It is resistant to the barley smuts (incited by Ustilago spp.) and has moderate resistance to spot blotch [incited by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. Ex Dastur]. Of greater significance, and the main rationale for registering CDC Mindon, is its enhanced resistance to FHB and significantly lower DON accumulation in combination with moderate spot blotch resistance.
CDC Mindon originated from the cross TR339/TR251 made in a greenhouse at the University of Saskatchewan in 1996 and was developed using a single seed descent (SSD) breeding system. TR339 is a two-row breeding line developed at the CDC from the cross ‘CDC Dolly’ (Rossnagel and Harvey, 1994) by WM873-27, a breeding line jointly developed by the AAFC Cereal Research Centre (CRC), Winnipeg, MB, and the Brandon Research Centre that originated from the cross Wpg8419-24-2-1//‘AC Oxbow’/‘Manley’. TR251 is a two-row breeding line developed at the Brandon Research Centre from the three-way cross TR229//AC Oxbow/ND7556, where TR229 is a two-row breeding line from the Brandon Research Centre that originated from the cross of AC Oxbow (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2007) by 2B84-4517 (a breeding line from Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc., Ft. Collins, CO), AC Oxbow, and ND7556, a two-row breeding line from North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, originating from the cross Norbert/4/Klages//H316/NDB130/3/M37.
Methods
F1 and F2 generations were grown as bulk populations, with the F1 grown in a winter nursery in New Zealand during the winter of 1996–1997 and the F2 grown as a space planted bulk at Saskatoon in 1997. The F3 and F4 generations were grown as SSD lines during the winter of 1997 and 1998 in growth facilities at Saskatoon. F5 SSD recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were grown in the field at Saskatoon in 1998 as unreplicated hill plots (10 seeds plot–1). Selection criteria were based on visual assessment for yield potential, straw strength, plant height, maturity, and low levels of foliar disease. The seed from one selected F5 hill plot was bulked and further tested as SB00106.
SB00106 was tested in a preliminary yield trial during 2000 at Saskatoon using a completely random design with no replication at a seeding rate of 1400 seeds per 1.2-m by 3.7-m plot. Selection criteria included grain yield, plant height, straw strength, and physical grain quality characteristics, including high kernel and test weight and plumpness. SB00106 was also included in several disease screening nurseries assessing net blotch (incited by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechs.), scald [incited by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J. J. Davis], loose smut [incited by Ustilago nuda (C.N. Jensen) Rostr.], spot blotch, and wheat stem rust (incited by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.) reactions.
SB00106 was further tested in replicated yield trials during 2001 and 2002 located at Saskatoon. Selection criteria for agronomic and kernel characteristics and foliar leaf disease reactions remained as in 2000 with the addition of assessment for resistance to FHB in the collaborative FHB nursery at the Brandon Research Centre, where SB00106 was evaluated in two replicates, with each replicate consisting of a 0.9-m row. Fusarium head blight was rated according to the procedures described by Legge et al. (2004). On the basis of a promising FHB reaction score, harvested seed from each replicated row was bulked and a 20-g subsample was ground, with a 1-g subsample of ground material sent to ECORC for DON screening using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure (Sinha and Savard, 1996).
Because of promising overall performance, SB00106 was tested in advanced, multilocation, randomized complete block (RCB) yield trials with three replicates during 2003 at six locations: Saskatoon, SK, Goodale, SK, Harris, SK, Wakaw, SK, Lacombe, AB, and Taber, AB. SB00106 was also included in 2001 and 2002 disease nurseries as in 2000 and assessed for resistance or susceptibility. It was again screened in the AAFC Brandon Research Centre FHB nursery, and a subsample was analyzed at ECORC for DON accumulation.
Because of its agronomic performance, kernel characteristics, and disease resistance, especially lower DON accumulation, SB00106 was entered in the Western Canadian Cooperative Two-Row Barley Registration Trial as TR04378 and evaluated during 2004 and 2005. TR04378 was tested in experiments randomized using a RCB experimental design with three replicates at 18 locations across western Canada in 2004 and 16 locations in 2005. Agronomic data for individual experiments were analyzed using a RCB model with replicates considered random and entries considered as fixed factors. Similarly, analyses across locations were performed with entries and locations as fixed factors, using replicates nested within locations. All analyses, both individual and across locations, were performed using p values of 10%.
Over two years of evaluation, TR04378 demonstrated good overall adaptability to western Canada, showing good yield potential, average maturity and plant height, strong straw, and good physical grain quality, including high test and kernel weight and grain plumpness. In addition, TR04378 demonstrated acceptable resistance to important diseases, including the barley smuts and spot blotch, but most important, enhanced FHB resistance with lower DON accumulation.
Characteristics
Unique Characteristics of CDC Mindon
Grain yield of CDC Mindon is equivalent to current malting cultivars but is typically less than the present feed cultivars. This was demonstrated in the 2004 and 2005 Western Cooperative Two-Row Barley Registration Trial where yield of CDC Mindon was equal to the current malting check cultivars AC Metcalfe (Legge et al., 2003) and CDC Kendall (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2007), less than the feed barley cultivar check Xena, but greater than the malt barley cultivar check Harrington (Harvey and Rossnagel, 1984) (Table 1
).
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Compared with the susceptible check cultivar AC Metcalfe and the resistant check accession CIho4196, CDC Mindon showed resistance to FHB similar to CIho4196. Fusarium head blight reactions for CIho4196 was better than AC Metcalfe as demonstrated by multiple screenings in the FHB nurseries grown at Brandon from 2001 through 2005 (Table 5 ). Although CDC Mindon's FHB ratings were comparable to the resistant check accession CIho4196, CDC Mindon demonstrated lower DON accumulation, being less than either check in all years with the exception of CIho4196 in 2003.
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CDC Mindon is medium tall with a fine to medium stem thickness with a strong waxy bloom. The neck is slightly curved and has a V-shaped collar. The spike is parallel with divergent sterile spikelet attitude, medium-long in length, medium density, has pronounced waxy bloom and is semi-nodding at maturity. The rachis is short with a medium curvature and is strongly pubescent. Glumes are mid-long and covered with long hairs. Glume awns are equal in length to or slightly longer than the glumes, purplish in color, and rough. Lemma awns are rough, longer than the spike, and have purplish tips.
The kernel of CDC Mindon has a colorless (white-yellow) aleurone and is medium-wide and long with purple coloration of the lemma nerves. The rachilla has long hairs and is medium length.
CDC Mindon has good resistance to lodging and shattering and good tolerance to straw and neck breaking.
Availability
Breeder seed of CDC Mindon was purified and increased from a set of 186 F11 single plant derived Breeder rows during the 2004 to 2006 seasons. The Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Pedigree Seed Production Unit, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S4N 5A8 will maintain Breeder seed in bulk and should be contacted for all seed requests. Samples of the Breeder rows will be kept in store to reproduce basic Breeder seed if and when necessary. No seed will be distributed without written permission for 20 yr from the date of publication in the Journal of Plant Registrations by the Crop Development Centre, at which time seed will also be available from the National Plant Germplasm System. The SeCan Association, 501–300 March Rd., Kanata, ON, K2K 2E2, has been designated as the Pedigreed seed distributor and will administer commercial seed production and distribution.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication October 11, 2007.
References
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