| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a Agricultural Research Station of Virginia State Univ., P.O. Box 9061 Petersburg, VA 23806
b Sustainable Agricultural Systems Lab., Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 001, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705
c USDA-ARS, 605 Airways Blvd, Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, Jackson, TN 38301
d USDA-ARS, Purdue University, Dep. of Botany and Plant Pathology, Lafayette, IN 47907-1155
* Corresponding author (tmebraht{at}vsu.edu).
‘Owens’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV-488, PI 633567), a maturity group (MG) V cultivar, was developed jointly by the Virginia State University, Agricultural Research Station and the USDA-ARS and was released on 8 May 2003 as a vegetable soybean cultivar. Developing seeds harvested at the green pod stage can be used for direct human consumption while seeds harvested at maturity may be useful for soyfood products such as roasted nuts (Mebrahtu et al., 1991; Carter and Shanmugasundaram, 1993; Konovsky et al., 1994; Rao et al., 2002). Owens was named in honor of Dr. George Washington Owens, a professor and director of the Agricultural School of Virginia State College.
Owens was developed from the cross of PI 417288 x T145 in 1989 by methods compatible with the USDA guidelines for organic production (USDA-ARS, 2000; USDA-AMS, 2000). PI 417288 is a MG V vegetable-type soybean from Japan and is reported to have moderate resistance to Mexican bean beetle (Eplilachna varivestis Mulsant) defoliation (Kraemer et al., 1994). T145 is a glabrous mutant line found in Illini and maintained by the USDA at Urbana, IL (Palmer and Kilen, 1987). PI 417288 was used in the development of Asmara, Randolph, and Owens (Mebrahtu et al., 2005a, 2005b). As the only North American cultivars with PI 417288 in their pedigrees, Owens and its half sib cultivars Asmara and Randolph (Mebrahtu et al., 2005a, 2005b) increase genetic diversity in North American cultivars. The F2 through F5 generations from the hybridization of PI 417288 x T145 were advanced through single seed descent (Brim, 1966). At seed maturity, in 1994, F5 single plants were selected and threshed individually. Progenies of individual plants were grown in single rows at the Randolph Research Farm of Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.
Owens, under the experimental designation VS96-220, was evaluated in replicated tests in 2001, 2002, and 2003 at the Randolph Research Farm of Virginia State University, VA, along with Hutcheson, a MG V grain-type cultivar (Buss et al., 1988). Both green pod vegetable production and dry grain production were measured. However, the grain-type cultivar Hutcheson was harvested only at dry grain stage. When planted in mid-May and harvested in late July (2001, 2002, and 2003) at the Randolph Research Farm, the three-year average yield of green pods (R6–R7, Fehr et al., 1971) for Owens was 18,068 kg ha–1. The decision to harvest was made when pods were green and plump, and the seeds were green and nearly full size, approximately 35–40 d after 50% of the plants had flowered. Green bean composition of Owens on a dry weight basis averaged 63.0 mg g–1 sucrose, 350 g kg–1 protein, and 139 g kg–1 oil, with 45.3% of the oil as oleic acid. Oleic acid confers health benefits in reducing serum cholesterol levels (O'Byrne et al., 1997).
Owens and Moon Cake, a vegetable soybean cultivar (Devine et al., 2006), were planted 1 July 2004 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Horticultural Hill Farm, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA. When harvested on 27 September the green pod yield for Owens was 6640 kg ha–1 compared to 4950 kg ha–1 for Moon Cake. Owens and Moon Cake were also evaluated the Pennsylvania State University Agronomy Research Farm at Rock Springs, PA in 2005. Shelled green bean yields were 5930 kg ha–1 for Owens and 7410 kg ha–1 for Moon Cake.
At Virginia State University, the three-year average mature seed yield of Owens was 2210 kg ha–1 compared to 2510 kg ha–1 for Hutcheson. Mature seed composition of Owens on a dry weight basis, averaged 441 g kg–1 protein and 181 g kg–1 oil, with 24.2% of the oil as oleic acid. Hutcheson had 419 g kg–1 protein and 201 g kg–1 oil with 18.5% of the oil as oleic acid. The three-year average dry seed weight for Owens was 200 mg seed–1 while Hutcheson seeds weighed 180 mg seed–1. The three-year average seed shattering score for Owens was 3.5 compared to 1.0 for Hutcheson, with 1 = no shattering and 5 = severe shattering. The three-year average height of Owens was 55 cm compared with 71 cm for Hutcheson. Owens has white flowers, tawny pubescence, and brown pod walls. Seeds have brown seed coats and brown hila. Plants have determinate growth habit.
In tests at Jackson, TN, by P.A. Donald, Owens was susceptible to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) HG Type 0 (race 3) and HG Type 1.3.5.7 (race 14) (Niblack et al., 2002). Owens was not characterized for the Rps gene, but in T. S. Abney's tests at Indiana it was resistant to races 1 and 2, but susceptible to races 25 and 33 of the Phytophthora root rot pathogen (Phytophthora sojae M.J. Kaufmann & J.W. Gerdemann). In southern Indiana field tests, Owens was moderately resistant to sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki) and frogeye leaf spot [caused by Cercospora sojina Hara (syn. C. daizu Mura)]. In a North Carolina test (Tommy Carter, personal communication, 2004), Owens was susceptible to bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycine (Nakano) Dye (syns. X. campestris pv. Phaseoli (Smith) Dye, and X. phaseoli (Smith) Dowson var. sojensis (Hedges) Starr and Burkholder)]
U.S. Plant Variety Protection for Owens has been filed (PVP application no. 200300250). All seed requests should be sent to the corresponding author during the period of Protection by the Plant Variety Protection Certificate. Seed of this release is deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System where it will be available after the expiry of the Plant Variety Protection for research purposes, including development and commercialization of new cultivars. It is requested that appropriate recognition be made if this germplasm contributes to the development of new germplasm or cultivars.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Robert McPherson, Dep. of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton and Dr. Craig Altemose, Penn State Cooperative Extension Center, for evaluating Owens in their respective research stations and providing us with data.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication September 13, 2006.
References
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
