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CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Specter’ Winter Feed Pea

USDA-ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164-6434. Contribution from USDA-ARS in cooperation with the College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Agricultural Research Center, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164

^* Corresponding author (kmcphee{at}mail.wsu.edu).

‘Specter’ (Reg. No. CV-26, PI 641005) is a winter feed pea (Pisum sativum L.) developed by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Washington Agricultural Research Center, Pullman, WA, the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Moscow, ID, the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, ND, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, and released in 2006. Specter was released based on significant winter hardiness and tolerance to harsh winter conditions. This cultivar offers a unique opportunity for producers to establish a legume crop in the fall and transfer a significant portion of field preparation to the fall, avoiding cold, wet soil conditions in the spring. It is the first winter-hardy feed pea to be released in the USA that lacks pigmentation of the seed and foliage.

Specter, PS9830F009, originated as an F₆ selection from the cross, PI 167253/D258-1-3/5/B686-320-0/4/FENN*3/WIS7105 made in 1992 by F.J. Muehlbauer. PI 167253 is a germplasm accession having tall plant habit (Le), purple flowers (A) and pigmented seeds; it was chosen as a parent based on its high degree of winter hardiness. D258-1-3 is a winter hardy breeding line with semi-dwarf plant habit (le) and conventional leaf morphology (Af). B686-320-0 is a multivirus resistant line (Provvidenti et al., 1991) that blooms at the 9–10th node, has a semi-dwarf plant habit (le), and bears two white flowers per peduncle. Additionally, it has the dominant I gene for yellow cotyledons and the recessive r gene for wrinkled seeds. ‘Fenn’ is an improved selection from the initial introduction of common Austrian winter pea (Murray and Slinkard, 1973). It has a tall growth habit (Le) with conventional leaf morphology (Af), purple flowers (A), pigmented seeds, round seed shape (R), and yellow cotyledons (I). WIS7105 is a processing pea germplasm line developed from a three-way cross between ‘New Season’, PI 193586, and PI 193835 (Hagedorn and Gritton, 1971). WIS7105 has a short plant stature conferred by recessive le and is somewhat determinate. It also has wrinkled seed (r) with green cotyledons (i) and it has resistance to pea seedborne mosaic virus (sbm-1).

Specter has a tall growth habit and has recessive af for semi-leafless morphology. Vines are 100cm long and the internodes appear in a zigzag manner. Three to four basal branches are typically formed in the fall as a short rosette before entering a winter dormant period. Normal, non-clasping stipules are moderately marbled. Flowering begins at the 24th node. Flowers are white, conferred by recessive a, and usually borne doubly on the peduncles with three flowers per peduncle observed occasionally. Pods are straight, blunt-ended, medium green, and contain four to six seeds. Seeds are smooth and round with yellow cotyledons. The testa is clear, but is characterized by subtle mottling referred to as "ghost mottling" resulting from the presence of dominant M in the presence of recessive a. Weight of 100 seeds averages 13.1 g. Presence of the subtle mottling and the small seed size make this cultivar undesirable in many edible pea markets for human consumption, but make it an ideal pea for animal feed as well as a forage or green manure crop. Specter is resistant to race 1 and 2 of fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Synd. & Hans. f. sp. pisi, but is susceptible to pea enation mosaic virus and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi DC.

Specter was tested at 13 site-years in eastern Washington, northern Idaho, Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Since Specter is the first cultivar of its type to be released it was not possible to compare its performance to other established cultivars; however, it produced an average yield of 2856 kg ha^–1 in advanced trials where trial means averaged 2505 kg ha^–1. Yield ranged from a low of 1520 kg ha^–1 at Amsterdam, MT, in 2002 (trial mean = 1341 kg ha^–1) to 4511 kg ha^–1 at Torrington, WY, in 2003 (trial mean = 3490 kg ha^–1). Under comparable conditions spring sown pea cultivars typically yield approximately 2100 kg ha^–1 indicating that Specter will on average have a 40% yield advantage. Winter survival was 100% in trials conducted in Wyoming and the Pacific Northwest in 2004, a year when temperatures at Pullman, WA approached –7°C in November and –13°C in January coupled with little snow cover.

Breeder and Foundation seed of Specter will be maintained by the Washington State Crop Improvement Association under the supervision of the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University; and the USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164–6434. Small samples of seeds of Specter for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author for at least five years. Recipients of seeds are asked to make appropriate recognition of the source of Specter if it is used in the development of a new cultivar, germplasm, parental line, or genetic stock. U.S. plant variety protection will not be sought for Specter.

Footnotes

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Received for publication December 22, 2006.

References

• Hagedorn, D.J., and E.T. Gritton. 1971. Registration of Wisconsin 7105 and 7106 pea germplasm. Crop Sci. 11:946.[Free Full Text]
• Murray, G.A., and A.E. Slinkard. 1973. Fenn Austrian winter pea. Univ. Idaho. Agric. Exp. Sta. Curr. Info. Ser. 209.
• Provvidenti, R., R.O. Hampton, and F.J. Muehlbauer. 1991. G-1000, Marx's pea breeding line for multiviral resistance. Pisum Genet. 23:50–52.

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