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Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0
* Corresponding author (parks{at}agr.gc.ca).
Navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar ‘Nautica’ (Reg. No. CV-279, PI 648357) was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre (GPCRC), Harrow, ON, Canada. Nautica was tested originally as HR81-5 in the Ontario Cooperative Cultivar Registration Trials (OCCRT) between 2002 and 2004. Nautica was supported for registration in 2004 by the Ontario Pulse Committee (OPC) for its high yield potential and semideterminate growth habit with very upright plant type and full season maturity in southwestern Ontario. Nautica was registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Variety Registration Office (Reg. No. 5987) on 29 Sept. 2005.
Nautica was selected from the cross ‘OAC Laser’/HR20-827. OAC Laser was derived from a cross between a black bean ‘Midnight’ and an early navy bean ‘Seafarer’. OAC Laser is used for its semideterminate growth habit (IIa) with upright plant type. HR20-827, a selection derived from a cross between white mold-resistant navy bean ‘Ex Rico 23’ and Midnight, also has a tall erect plant type with semi-determinate growth habit, high yield potential and tolerance to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] (Park and Welacky, 1992). The cross was made at Harrow in 1989 to incorporate high yield potential and upright plant type with semideterminate growth habit (IIa), and white mold resistance. This cultivar is suitable for narrow row bean production and direct combine harvest because of its upright plant type with narrow canopy and lodging resistance.
The F1 was grown in a hybrid nursery at Harrow in 1989, and F2:3 bulks were advanced by single seed descent in a winter nursery in Puerto Rico in 1990–1991. Plant selections were made based on erect plant canopy type from an F4 bulk population at Harrow in 1992. F5 plant rows were grown in a pedigree nursery in 1993, and the line W1769e-64254A was selected for its upright plant type and high yield potential for agronomic evaluation. This line was tested in replicated yield trials from 1994 through 1996 at St. Thomas, ON. Advanced line HR81-1769 was tested in Ontario Coop Trials in 1997–1998. Fifty plant rows from HR81-1769 were grown in an isolation nursery in 1999 to further purify the line, and they were tested in replicated yield trials during 2000–2001. Line HR81-5 was finally selected for its high yield potential and semideterminate growth habit with an erect plant type, and good canning quality. It was planted in an isolation plot for purification and multiplication of stock seed in 2003.
Nautica was tested as HR81-5 for registration in 2002–2004 in the Ontario Cooperative White Bean Cultivar Registration Trials conducted by the Kemptville and Ridgetown Colleges of the University of Guelph, Hyland Seed Co., and AAFC-GPCRC (St. Thomas), Harrow. Cooking quality was tested at GPCRC by taste panel evaluation for appearance, flavor, and texture, and canned bean color was measured by Hunter Labscan colorimeter (Hunter Assoc. Laboratories, Reston, VA) based on reflectance of luminosity as a measure of white to black. Hydration coefficients and percent solid/drain weight and yield of canned beans as number of 227-g (8-oz) cans filled with blanched beans (160 mL) from 1 kg of dry beans were measured. Texture of the canned beans was measured by the Instron texture measurement system for firmness (kg mm–1) and plateau force in kg (Voisey, 1971).
Tests for resistance to anthracnose, caused by Collectotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib., and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) were conducted under controlled conditions by artificial inoculation at GPCRC, Harrow, ON. Screening for common bacterial blight [Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye] resistance was conducted by artificial inoculation in a growth room. Reaction to white mold was observed in a field nursery at St. Thomas, ON, where heavy infestation prevailed under favorable conditions in 2004.
Nautica is a full-season cultivar and has good yield potential in southwestern Ontario. It yielded 3521 kg ha–1, about 106 kg ha–1 more than an average yield (3415 kg ha–1) of three full-season maturity check cultivars (‘OAC Gryphon’, ‘OAC Rex’ and ‘Vista’) in nine trials during a three-year period in 2002–2004. Nautica matured 96 d after seeding, 1 to 2 d later than the checks OAC Gryphon (94 d), OAC Rex (95 d), and Vista (94 d). Nautica is adapted to areas accumulating 2700 or more crop heat units (CHU) in Ontario (Brown, 1993). Seed size of Nautica is 19.1 g 100 seeds–1, similar to Vista (19.0 g) and slightly smaller than OAC Gryphon (19.9 g) and OAC Rex (21.1 g).
Nautica has very good cooking and canning quality, with an average organoleptic score of 10.2 (visual score of 1 for unacceptably poor and 15 for most acceptable), which is better than an average score (9.5) of four standard canning checks (‘Envoy’, ‘OAC Thunder’, ‘Cirus’, and OAC Gryphon) in Ontario for 3 yr, 2002–2004. Canned bean yield (15.4 cans kg–1 dry bean sample) was higher than the check average (14.6 cans; range, 14.2–14.9 cans). Hydration coefficient (1.9) and solid weight (washed-drained weight) of 65.5% was very similar to the check average (65.8) and much higher than the required weight of 60%. This indicates that retaining solids of canned beans in tomato sauce is very good and acceptable commercially. Texture of canned beans of Nautica was acceptable based on firmness values of 2.1 kg mm–1 and a plateau force of 27.8 kg, which were slightly softer than the average values of the check cultivars (firmness of 2.6 kg mm–1 and plateau force of 30.9 kg).
Nautica is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus races 1 and 15 due to presence of the I gene but susceptible to anthracnose races 17 and 23. It is moderately resistant to white mold based on a visual rating of 1.6 on a scale of 1 to 9 (1 = resistant, 9 = highly susceptible). An erect plant canopy and presence of resistance transferred from a moderately resistant cultivar Ex Rico 23 (Beversdorf and Hume, 1981; Tu and Beversdorf, 1981) resulted in the low score. Nautica is susceptible to common bacterial blight.
Nautica has green hypocotyls and white flowers. It has dark green leaves with oval shape. Pods are green and turn to light tan color at maturity and straight (absence of curvature) with short straight beaks. Seeds are oval shaped with dull seed coat luster with clear hilum. Nautica has semideterminate growth habit (IIa) and very upright plant type with narrow canopy and short vine. These plant characteristics resulted in good standability and high pod bearing nodes above the ground. Because of its erect plant type, Nautica is suitable for bean production in narrow rows/solid seeding and direct combine harvest. Agronomic desirability was scored as 3.8 on a scale of 1 for undesirable and 5 for most desirable. Nautica was superior to two upright (IIa) checks, OAC Rex (3.7) and Vista (3.1), and a vine type (IIb), OAC Gryphon (2.9).
Breeder seed will be maintained by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0. Pedigreed seed will be distributed through SeCan Ltd., 501-300 March Road, Kanata, ON K2K 2E2 (e-mail: seed{at}secan.com). Limited quantities of seed are available on request from the corresponding author for research purposes. Recipients of seed are asked to make appropriate recognition of the source of cultivar if used in development of a new cultivar, germplasm, genetic stock, or parental line.
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge C. Gillard, Ridgetown College and J. Madill, Kemptville College, University of Guelph, and John van Herk, Hyland Seed, for conducting the Ontario Cooperative White Bean Cultivar Trials, D. Jessop and J. Lypps for evaluating processing quality of beans, and financial support in part provided by the Ontario White Bean Producers' Marketing Board.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication January 10, 2007.
References
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